Acquaintance with the tractor begins with the study of the operating instructions, and direct communication - from the moment of launch and start of control. So that they do not turn into a waste of time, you need to know a number of nuances, the features of which we will discuss further. By the way, at https://onpravao.com/spectehnika/traktor you can buy a driver license to the tractor. 

How to drive a tractor?

Persons who have completed a training course in the direction "Fundamentals of control and traffic safety of tractors" are allowed to manage the tract.

Before moving on to driving a tractor, a number of preparatory work is carried out:

  • Check the serviceability of tractor units;
  • Measure tire pressure;
  • In the presence of attachments on the tractor, visually inspect the trailing bracket;
  • Remove the cover from the tractor power plant to ensure that the battery, cooling system and radiator are in good condition;
  • Wear comfortable clothes and shoes, avoid loose hair and jewelry;
  • Customize the driver's seat to suit the operator's height and weight. Leaning with your back on the seat, your hands should have free access to the tractor controls, and your feet to the pedals.

The process of driving a tractor is as follows:

  • They start the engine and start moving off - the first attempt to move begins with a warm engine. To do this, reduce the fuel supply, turn off the clutch handle, select a working gear, increase fuel consumption and switch the clutch pedal to the on mode;
  • When the tractor has driven, they begin to accelerate it to the desired speed - they reduce the fuel supply, turn off the clutch, set the desired mode at the checkpoint, smoothly engaging the clutch;
  • To perform a U-turn at the end of acceleration and pull the plow out of the ground, the accelerator is set to the minimum feed;
  • Tractor control during the first rut - the laying of the 1st furrow begins with a straight-line trajectory of movement. On flat areas, 1 pole and a sighting device built into the tractor are used for this; for fields with complex geometry, several milestones are required to delimit the entire field. On modern tractors, this moment of control is solved faster - with the help of GIS technologies;
  • When performing the main cycle of work, the tractor driver must constantly "tack" between gears - i.e. choose the optimal rhythm of work for a specific agrotechnical task and the characteristics of the cultivated area. So, to move up the slope and on clay, loamy, gravel and heavy chernozems, low gears are used, and in the opposite case, high gears;
  • It is unacceptable to make a U-turn and turn on the field with working adapters and at high speed. To turn the tractor on wheeled propellers, reduce the speed to 5 km / h and apply braking to the wheel, which is in the center of the turning circle. The turn of the caterpillar tractor is done only in extreme cases;
  • Driving a tractor downhill is an extremely dangerous maneuver that shifts the load from the front wheels to the rear wheels. To perform it without the risk of an accident, they slow down the diesel supply, select a low gear and periodically slow down the engine;
  • In order to drive a tractor with mounted adapters from the PTO without damage to the power plant and with safety for yourself, you must remember to turn off the power take-off when turning and switch them to transport mode - when going uphill. When moving between fields, it is advisable to separate the PTO shank from the driveline.

How to start a tractor?

Proper start-up is the key to the successful functioning of any unit. Consider it on the example of the famous "Belarus" - MTZ-320.

Before starting the tractor, a set of preparatory work is carried out (filling the gas tank, opening the fuel valve, pumping it up, checking the level of lubricant and coolant).

Start the engine in the following sequence:

  1. Remove the tractor from the handbrake;
  2. The gear knob is transferred to "neutral";
  3. The manual gas toggle switch is set to max. mark;
  4. Click on the mass button;
  5. Depress the clutch;
  6. The gearshift knob is shifted to the left until it stops, holding it until the engine is turned on;
  7. The starter toggle switch is set to mode I, and smoothly transferred to mode II so that in total its work is 10 s;
  8. Take your foot off the clutch and loosen the gearshift switch;
  9. Let the engine run for 5 minutes and move off, continuing to drive the tractor. If it still does not start, the re-launch procedure is started no earlier than after 2 minutes.

How to start a tractor from a launcher?

so-called. "pushach" is an autonomous starting motor, which is equipped with most Soviet tractors.

To start it you need:

  • Open the fuel cock;
  • Forcibly pump gasoline or diesel into the carburetor block;
  • Completely close the air damper;
  • By means of a decompression valve, direct fuel into the cylinders;
  • Close the gas tap;
  • Tighten the starter cord into the groove on the flywheel of the launcher and wrap it around the flywheel in a clockwise direction (in relation to the flywheel;
  • Take the other end of the cable firmly in your hands, avoiding winding, which is fraught with injuries;
  • Pull the cord towards you, followed by the hum of the starting engine. If this does not happen, the procedure is repeated several times. Often, for this, it is necessary to first remove fuel residues from the crank chamber and blow it through;
  • If the start has occurred, give the starter a few minutes to warm up, after which they proceed to the start of the main power plant.

Starting the main motor starts with:

  1. Transferring the friction clutch to a non-working state;
  2. Move the clutch lever away from you to the extreme left or right mark. This will eliminate slippage and malfunctions;
  3. When the first crankshaft turns, fuel is supplied to the cylinders. In their absence, the starter gear is connected to the flywheel crown;
  4. When the main motor has started to work, the starter is turned off - the magneto is inactivated with the button, the fuel supply valve is closed;
  5. They warm up for several minutes at low speeds, after which they start off and switch to driving the tractor.

Comprehensive information on this subject is contained in the video.

How to start a tractor in winter?

Everyone knows that it is more difficult to start agricultural machinery at low t 0C than in summer.

There may be several reasons why a tractor has difficulty starting in winter:

  • desolation of the oil, which is prone to freezing when the thermometer approaches -300;
  • moisture that gets into contacts and other electrical appliances.

The easiest way to start a tractor in cold weather is to heat up the oil and remove moisture buildup.

Modern tractors that have a built-in heating unit do not need such actions. To start such a tractor in winter, a special boiler, supercharger and pre-heating burner are provided, which solve this problem in no time.

To activate them:

  • Drain the remaining diesel in the heater;
  • Open the valves of the supercharger and boiler, as well as the gas valve;
  • 2 minutes allow the glow plug to work;
  • Start the blower motor;
  • Fill the circuit with liquid;
  • Let the motor reach 90 0C and turn it on.