Electrical circuits

Have you ever had to repair the series of Christmas lights? Almost all of us have gone through that odyssey in which you must check that all the LEDs or bulbs are properly plugged in, then confirm that they are not burned out, so that the entire series can be turned on again. This does not happen with household light bulbs, if one burns out, the others continue to work perfectly. What is the reason for this? 

Of course, the answer lies in the type of electrical circuit that makes them up, but so that you can better understand what we mean, let's go by parts. 

All the electrical elements that surround us are made up of circuits, they can be fed directly from the electrical current of your home, or as in many devices, require the use of batteries, but all of them use energy to carry out an action. Although electrical circuits are not visible to the naked eye, they are present in our daily routine, we may not realize this because they are always there, but when we analyze the functioning of what surrounds us we realize that we are surrounded by circuits. 

And we should all know how they work, know the bases that govern our technological world, so that we can solve simple problems, since for more difficult problems we will always recommend requesting a professional visit.

What is an electrical circuit? 

Electrical circuits are a set of electrical elements that allow us to generate, transport and use the energy resulting from electrical voltage. It is formed by an electrical voltage (U), a resistor (R) and connectors, these elements are the base, and some circuits are more complex than others, depending on the function they must fulfill. The importance of these basic elements is demonstrated when talking about theory.

It sounds complicated, but in reality it is not so difficult to identify, these elements can be easily exemplified with the light bulb in the room you are in, our resistor is represented by the light bulb screwed into the socket, the conductors are the copper cables that are inside the electrical installation in your home, while the electrical voltage is the electrical current that is controlled by the light contact, which when activated closes the circuit causing the light bulb to turn off. Turn on

Circuit types

Since the first electrical circuits were created, the support that they could cause in the daily life of the human being was demonstrated, from street lighting to transportation, such as the new electric cars, but we did not reach these updates by repeating the same formula, based on studies, trials and errors it was determined that there is more than one type of circuit and it was possible to develop a system in which the interconnection of different circuits led us to current improvements.

It is well known that electricity is a physical phenomenon caused by electrical charges at rest or in motion, within these there are 2 types of electrical charges

• positive
• negative

There are several types of electrical circuits, these will depend on how their receptors are connected to the rest of the electrical elements, another factor that can determine the type of circuit is the type of current, which can be direct or alternating.

Single Receiver Circuit:

They are those in which only one receiver is connected to the circuit, we can refer to different elements that can be connected, such as a lamp, the doorbell. Among the characteristics of these is that it will be connected to the same voltage as the generator, since in the circuit only the receiver will apply resistance.

SERIES CIRCUIT:

They are distinguished by having more than one receiver on line, which use the same amount of current at the same intensity, in addition to the fact that the resistance increases with a greater number of receivers. They are useful because they allow the voltage to add, especially when it comes to generators; allow to accumulate the power of the network.

That is why certain devices ask you for several batteries to be able to feed and work correctly.

Parallel electrical circuit: 

This circuit is the one used in the electrical network of homes, so that all the receivers have the same voltages; allowing you to make arrangements or changes to your contacts. The more receptors, the lower the resistance. 

Mixed electrical circuit:

These types of circuits are made up of combining parallel and series connections.

 Alternating current circuit:

Within this category there are three types of alternating current, resistive, inductive and capacitive electrical circuits.

• Resistive: These types of circuits are only made up of resistors, voltage source and conductors, the analysis of these circuits is easier than the analysis of circuits that contain capacitors and inductors.
• Inductive: They are pure coils. It arises from a conductor subjected to a variable magnetic field, which itself creates an induced current that tends to oppose its effects to the cause that produces it.
• Capacitive: These behave in a different way offering a resistance called capacitive reactance, which depends on the capacity and frequency.

Then we can say that for our home the electrical circuits that can be implemented are serial, parallel and mixed. Being the parallel the preferred and most recommended by professional electricians.

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